frederik willem de klerk

[54] The Population Registration Act, which established the racial classificatory guidelines for South Africa, was rescinded. Frederik Willem de Klerk , the former president who shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Mandela in 1993, answers questions about his memories of Nelson... South African President Frederik de Klerk gives a press conference during his visit to Paris. He often hedged his bets and sought to accommodate divergent perspectives,[35] favouring compromise over confrontation. Frederik Willem de Klerk. [105] The Economic Freedom Fighters called for him to be stripped of his Nobel Peace Prize. Après l'élection de N. Mandela à la tête de l'État, il est, de 1994 à 1996, vice-président du gouvernement d'unité nationale présidé par ce dernier. Sowohl sein Vater als auch sein Großvater waren als Minister … Frederik Willem de Klerk Fast Facts elisfkc2 / Flickr / CC BY-SA 2.0 Here’s a quick look at the life of former South African president and Nobel Peace Prize winner, FW de Klerk. A. Kamsteeg, E. Van Dijk, F. W. de Klerk, man of the moment. In this position, he supported the government's liberal economic policies. [25], In 1972, his alma mater offered him a chair in its law faculty, which he accepted. If the policy I propounded was ultra-conservative, then that was the policy; it was not necessarily I who was ultra-conservative. [35] Soon after, he called for the introduction of a new South African constitution, hinting that it would need to provide greater concession to non-white racial groups. [91] On 6 December 21-year-old security guard Luyanda Mboniswa was arrested for the murder. Président de l'État sud-africain (1989-1994), il engage contre toute attente son pays dans une politique résolument réformiste (légalisation de l'ANC, libération de Nelson Mandela en 1990, abolition de la législation sur l'apartheid en 1991) qui conduit, en mai 1994, à la tenue des premières élections multiraciales et démocratiques au suffrage universel. [29] In this role, he restored full autonomy to sporting control bodies which had for a time been under the jurisdiction of the government. Updated 1738 GMT (0138 HKT) March 2, 2021 . In 1997, de Klerk was offered the Harper Fellowship at Yale Law School. [56], De Klerk later related that "that speech was mainly aimed at breaking our stalemate in Africa and the West. [85] When the final TRC report was released 2002, it made a more limited accusation: that de Klerk had failed to give full disclosure about events that took place during his presidency and that in view of his knowledge about the Khotso House bombing, his statement that none of his colleagues had authorised gross human rights abuses was "indefensible". Frederik Willem de Klerk (født 18. marts 1936, Johannesburg) var den sidste præsident i apartheidæraen i Sydafrika og sad fra september 1989 til maj 1994. [120], Willem stated that "he keeps an ear to the ground and is sensitive to the slightest tremors", and that it was this which made him "a superb politician". [66], In 1990, de Klerk gave orders to end South Africa's nuclear weapons programme; the process of nuclear disarmament was essentially completed in 1991. The Global Panel Foundation is known for its behind-the-scenes work in public policy and the annual presentation of the Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award with the Prague Society for International Cooperation. [107], De Klerk was widely regarded as a politically conservative figure in South Africa. De Klerk is also a Member of the Advisory Board of the Global Panel Foundation based in Berlin, Copenhagen, New York, Prague, Sydney and Toronto – founded by the Dutch entrepreneur Bas Spuybroek in 1988, with the support of Dutch billionaire Frans Lurvink and former Dutch Foreign Minister Hans van den Broek. In September 1990, Potchefstroom University awarded de Klerk with an honorary doctorate. As a minister, he supported and enforced apartheid, a system of racial segregation that privileged white South Africans. Frederik Willem de Klerk (Joanesburgo, 18 de março de 1936) é um politico sul-africano que serviu como presidente da África do Sul de setembro de 1989 a maio de 1994, tendo sido o último branco a ocupar o cargo. His condition deteriorated sharply, and he underwent a tracheotomy after developing respiratory problems. [123] Willem stated that de Klerk had a close relationship with his children,[24] and that he was "a loving man who hugs and cuddles". Following the release, the two politicians worked together to bring an end to the policy of racial segregation. The future of southern Africa depends on us. [118] He felt that de Klerk's "charisma" came not from an "exceptionally strong individualism" but from "his rationality, logic and balance". [40] The march took place and was attended by approximately 30,000 people. [78] De Klerk also felt that Mandela deliberately humiliated him, while Mandela found de Klerk to be needlessly provocative in cabinet. Frederik Willem de Klerk OMG DMS (/də ˈklɜːrk, də ˈklɛərk/, Afrikaans: [ˈfriədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk]; born 18 March 1936) is a South African retired politician, who served as State President of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as Deputy President from 1994 to 1996. [83] Given the widespread and systemic nature of the abuses that had taken place, as well as statements by security officers that their actions had been sanctioned by higher ranking figures, Tutu questioned how de Klerk and other government figures could not have been aware of them. de Klerk, in full Frederik Willem de Klerk, (born March 18, 1936, Johannesburg, South Africa), politician who as president of South Africa (1989–94) brought the apartheid system of racial segregation to an end and negotiated a transition to majority rule in his country. In Mandela: The Authorised Biography, Sampson accuses de Klerk of permitting his ministers to build their own criminal empires. Frederik Willem de Klerk (afrikaans: /ˈfriədərək ˈvələm dəˈklɛrk/; * 18. [85] De Klerk challenged the TRC on this point, and it backed down. [27] He joined various party parliamentary study groups, including those on the Bantustans, labour, justice, and home affairs. [21] While studying there, he became editor of the student newspaper, vice-chair of the student council, and a member of the Afrikaanse Studentebond's national executive council. He permitted anti-apartheid marches to take place, legalised a range of previously banned anti-apartheid political parties, and freed imprisoned anti-apartheid activists, including Nelson Mandela. Ideologically a conservative and an economic liberal, he led the National Party from 1989 to 1997. Frederik Willem de Klerk (born 18 March 1936 in Johannesburg) is a South African politician. Lettres à Nelson Mandela, Frederik Willem de Klerk, Debats Publics Editions. De Klerk wuchs in einer sehr politischen Familie auf. [119] He was, according to de Klerk, "a man of compromise rather than a political innovator or entrepreneur". [101], In a BBC interview broadcast in April 2012, he said he lived in an all-white neighbourhood. As South Africa's last head of state from the era of white-minority rule, he and his government were forced to dismantle the apartheid system and introduced universal suffrage. [78] The decision shocked several of his six fellow Afrikaner cabinet colleagues; Pik Botha, for example, was left without a job as a result. de Klerk Frederik Willem (Frederikas Vilemas de Klèrkas) 1936 03 18 Johannesburg, Pietų Afrikos Respublikos valstybės veikėjas.. 1958 baigė Potchefstroomo universitetą; teisininkas. [22] In December he visited Mandela in prison, speaking with him for three hours about the idea of transitioning away from white-minority rule. [121] Willem also stated that his brother was "a team-man who consults others, takes them into his confidence, honestly shares information with his colleagues, and has a knack of making people feel importance and at peace". "[110], For much of his career, de Klerk believed in apartheid and its system of racial segregation. Frederik Willem de Klerk (gebore 18 Maart 1936, Johannesburg) was Staatspresident van Suid-Afrika vanaf September 1989 tot April 1994, en vanaf Februarie 1989 tot September 1997 ook leier van die Nasionale Party, wat later die Nuwe Nasionale Party geword het. [82] De Klerk did not object to Tutu being selected as the TRC's chair for he regarded him as politically independent of Mandela's government, but he was upset that the white Progressive Party MP Alex Boraine had been selected as its deputy chair, later saying of Boraine: "beneath an urbane and deceptively affable exterior beat the heart of a zealot and an inquisitor. Voir sur Amazon « Sans lui, je n’aurais rien pu accomplir. Frederik Willem De Klerk. President F.W. De Klerk is a controversial figure. As South Africa's last head of state from the era of white-minority rule, he and his government dismantled the apartheid system and introduced universal suffrage. [20] Relocating to Pretoria, he became an articled clerk for another law firm, Mac-Robert. [65] In 1992, de Klerk held a whites-only referendum on ending apartheid, with the result being an overwhelming "yes" vote to continue negotiations to end apartheid. "[57] Throughout South Africa and across the world, there was astonishment at de Klerk's move. [93], In 2008, he repeated in a speech that "despite all the negatives facing South Africa, he is very positive about the country". Nacionalinės partijos narys, 1989–97 jos vadovas. - Président de la République de septembre 1989 à mai 1994. Conversely, anti-apartheid activists criticised him for offering only a qualified apology for apartheid and for ignoring the human rights abuses carried out by his state security forces, while South Africa's white right-wing claimed that by abandoning apartheid he had betrayed the interests of the country's white minority. De Klerk foi também o líder do Partido Nacional, de fevereiro de 1989 a setembro de 1997. Nelson Mandela and F.W. De Klerk had desired a total amnesty for political crimes committed under apartheid and opposed the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up to investigate past human rights abuses by both pro and anti-apartheid groups. He had five servants, three coloured and two black: "We are one great big family together; we have the best of relationships." [1], Between 1954 and 1958, de Klerk studied at Potchefstroom University, graduating with both a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Law. [29] As minister of Post and Telecommunications, he finalised contracts that oversaw the electrification of that sector. Give him credit, I do. "[110] On 15 May 2003, he received two life sentences for murder, as well as three years for breaking into Marike de Klerk's apartment.[92]. [30] As education minister between 1984-89, he upheld the apartheid system in South Africa's schools,[22] and extended the department to cover all racial groups. On 3 December 2001, Marike de Klerk was found stabbed and strangled to death in her Cape Town flat. Fichier; Historique du fichier; Utilisation du fichier; Usage global du fichier; Métadonnées; Taille de cet aperçu : 474 × 599 pixels. In 1999, de Klerk and his wife of 38 years, Marike de Klerk, were divorced following the discovery of his affair with Elita Georgiades,[88] then the wife of Tony Georgiades, a Greek shipping tycoon who had allegedly given de Klerk and the NP financial support. [54], In legislative terms, he enabled the gradual end of apartheid. Durchstöbern Sie 892 frederik willem de klerk Stock-Fotografie und Bilder. [10] He and family members would be encouraged to hold family debates; his more conservative opinions would be challenged by his brother Willem, who was sympathetic to the more liberal, "enlightened" faction of the National Party. CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (. [22] After becoming party leader, de Klerk extended his foreign contacts. [78] One dispute occurred in September 1995, after Mandela gave a Johannesburg speech criticising the National Party. D er 1936 in Johannesburg geborene Frederik Willem de Klerk war von 1989 bis 1994 Präsident der Republik Südafrika. Frederik Willem de Klerk Fast Facts. Former South African president and Nobel Peace prize laurate F. W. de Klerk … In 1997 he resigned the leadership of the National Party and retired from politics. China is cementing its interests in Africa and its access to its natural resources which they require for their economy - it is their right to do so. [23] The couple married in 1959, when de Klerk was 23 and his wife 22. [75], Mandela reappointed de Klerk's finance minister, Derek Keys, and retained Chris Stals, a former member of the Broederbond, as the head of the Central Bank. 1990. [1] He eventually became a boarder at the Monument High School in Krugersdorp, where he graduated with a first-class pass in 1953. [81] De Klerk was unhappy with the formation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). "[43] This decision marked a clear departure from the approach of the Botha era. Frederik Willem de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk (wym. [29] As Minister of Mining, he formalised a policy on coal exports and the structuring of Eskom and the Atomic Energy Corporation. Joining the National Party, to which he had family ties, he was elected to parliament and sat in the white-minority government of P. W. Botha, holding a succession of ministerial posts. [34] He defeated main rival Barend du Plessis to the position by a majority of eight votes, 69–61. [17] He was inculturated in the norms and values of Afrikaner society, including festivals like Kruger Day, loyalty to the Afrikaner nation, and stories of the "age of injustice" that the Afrikaner faced under the British. This change was not "a dramatic event" however, but "was built... on pragmatism - it evolved as a process. [25] Er wurde am 18. 18 marca 1936 w Johannesburgu) – polityk południowoafrykański, prawnik, prezydent RPA w latach 1989–1994, laureat Pokojowej Nagrody Nobla w 1993 (z Nelsonem Mandelą). Frederik Willem de Klerk (IPA: [ˈfrɪədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk]; Johannesburg, 18 marzo 1936) è un politico sudafricano, presidente del Sudafrica dal 1989 al 1994. [48] A number of banned political parties, including the ANC and Communist Party of South Africa, would be legalised,[49] although he emphasized that this did not constitute an endorsement of their socialist economic policies nor of violent actions carried out by their members,[50] and the Separate Amenities Act of 1953, which governed the segregation of public facilities, would be lifted[51] and all of those who were imprisoned solely for belonging to a banned organisation would be freed,[52] including Nelson Mandela;[53] the latter was released a week later. [22] The collapse of the Eastern Bloc and the dissolution of the Soviet Union meant that he no longer feared that Marxists would manipulate the ANC. After Botha resigned in 1989, de Klerk replaced him, first as leader of the National Party and then as State President. [63], —De Klerk on a post-apartheid society[64], His presidency was dominated by the negotiation process, mainly between his NP government and the ANC, which led to the democratization of South Africa. [5] De Klerk was deeply upset that many Afrikaners did not realise that his reforms to dismantle apartheid were carried out with the intention of preserving a future for the Afrikaner people in South Africa. [25] About Nelson Mandela, he said, "When Mandela goes it will be a moment when all South Africans put away their political differences, will take hands, and will together honour maybe the biggest known South African that has ever lived."[102]. [108] De Klerk's Foundation retracted his statement on 17 February; the Economic Freedom Fighters announced their letter of rejection to his apology later that day on Twitter. "[103] He attended the memorial service for him on 10 December 2013. He also dismantled South Africa's nuclear weapons program. I analysed it as it was formulated, to the letter. Er war von 1989 bis 1994 Staatspräsident der Republik Südafrika. After the first universal elections in 1994, de Klerk became deputy president in the government of national unity under Nelson Mandela; in 1996, de Klerk withdrew the National Party from Mandela's government, becoming leader of the official opposition. He oversaw the 1994 non-racial election in which Mandela led the African National Congress (ANC) to victory; de Klerk's National Party took second place with 20% of the vote. [126] On March 19, 2021 it was announced that he was diagnosed with mesothelioma. Avocat de formation, élu député en 1972, il succède en 1989 à Pieter Botha à la tête du National Party. He acknowledged that security forces had resorted to "unconventional strategies" in dealing with anti-apartheid revolutionaries, but that "within my knowledge and experience, they never included the authorisation of assassination, murder, torture, rape, assault or the like". [37] He also expressed a desire to meet with representatives of the U.S. government in Washington D.C., although American Secretary of State James Baker informed him that the U.S. government considered it inopportune to have de Klerk meet with President George H. W. It's just musical chairs". There is a tendency by commentators across the world to focus on the few negatives which are quite negative, like how are we handling AIDS, like our role vis-à-vis Zimbabwe. De Klerk's candidature was successful and in November he was elected to the House of Assembly. [76] De Klerk supported the coalition's economic policies, stating that it "accepted a broad framework of responsible economic policies". [36] He travelled to London, where he met with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. [43] In October, he personally agreed to meet with Tutu, Boesak, and Frank Chikane in a private meeting in Pretoria. "[83], De Klerk appeared before the TRC hearing to testify for Vlakplaas commanders who were accused of having committed human rights abuses during the apartheid era. [109] [19], The de Klerk family moved around South Africa during his childhood, and he changed schools seven times over seven years. [ ˈ f r i ə̯ d ə r ə k ˈ v ə l ə m d ə ˈ k l ɛ r k]; ur. Within the National Party, he continually strove for unity, coming to be regarded—according to his brother—as "a party man, a veritable Mr National Party". [26] Within a matter of days he was also approached by members of the National Party, who requested that he stand for the party at Vereeniging. [29], For most of his career, de Klerk had a very conservative reputation,[31] and was seen as someone who would obstruct change in South Africa. 1978–89 vyriausybės narys. De Klerk stated that "The silver thread throughout my career was my advocacy of National Party policy in all its various formulations. [54] The vision set forth in de Klerk's address was for South Africa to become a Western-style liberal democracy;[55] with a market-oriented economy which valued private enterprise and restricted the government's role in economics. [11], Willem also noted that "in the most profound sense", de Klerk was driven by his concern for Afrikanerdom and "the survival of his own people in their fatherland". Frederik Willem de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk (Johannesburg, 18 maart 1936) is een Zuid-Afrikaans voormalig politicus. Il se retire de la vie politique en 1997. [30], P. W. Botha resigned as leader of the National Party after an apparent stroke, and de Klerk defeated Botha's preferred successor, finance minister Barend du Plessis, in the race to succeed him. [8] His own father, Jan de Klerk, was also a Senator, having served as the secretary of the National Party in Transvaal, president of the senate for seven years, and a member of the country's cabinet for fifteen years under three Prime Ministers. Frederik Willem de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk tunnetaan nimellä F. W. de Klerk (s. 18. maaliskuuta 1936 Johannesburg, Etelä-Afrikka) on eteläafrikkalainen poliitikko, joka toimi maansa valtiollisena presidenttinä vuosina 1989 – 1994 ja Kansallispuolueen johtajana 1989– 1997. [35] This general approach led to the perception that he was "trying to be all things to all men". [41] Further protest marches followed in Grahamstown, Johannesburg, Pretoria, and Durban. Von Wielligh, N. & von Wielligh-Steyn, L. (2015). [30], South Africa's Conservative Party came to regard him as its most hated adversary.[35]. [25] He took on a number of roles in the party and government. Frederik Willem de KlerkFrederik Willem de Klerk (*18. [129] [1] His parents were Johannes "Jan" de Klerk and Hendrina Cornelia Coetzer – "her forefather was a Kutzer who stems from Austria". [20] At the university, he began a relationship with Marike Willemse, the daughter of a professor at the University of Pretoria. On 2 February 1989, he was elected leader of the National Party. Mouvement nationaliste indépendantiste d'Afrique du Sud fondé le 8 janvier 1912... Régime de ségrégation systématique des populations de couleur, en Afrique... Nelson Mandela. [4], De Klerk had a secure and comfortable upbringing, and his family had played a leading role in Afrikaner society;[5] they had longstanding affiliations with South Africa's National Party. In 1962, he set up his own law partnership in Vereeniging, Transvaal, which he built into a successful business over ten years. [59] It was also received negatively by some on the white right-wing, including in the Conservative Party, who believed that de Klerk was betraying the white population. Those who seek to force this failure of a system on South Africa should engage in a total revision of their point of view. [61] The white-dominated liberal Democratic Party, meanwhile, found itself in limbo, as de Klerk embraced much of the platform it had espoused, leaving it without a clear purpose. [28] In South Africa, de Klerk also played a senior role in two select committees, one formulating a policy on opening hotels to non-Whites and the other formulating a new censorship law that was less strict than the one that had preceded it. That same year, while giving an interview to US journalist Richard Stengel, de Klerk was asked whether South Africa had turned out the way he envisioned it back in 1990. [84] Tutu had hoped that de Klerk or another senior white political figure from the apartheid era would openly accept responsibility for the human rights abuses, thereby allowing South Africa to move on; this was something that de Klerk would not do. The existence of the nuclear programme was not officially acknowledged before 1993. [1] Willem became a political analyst and later split from the National Party to found the liberal Democratic Party. [22] As a student, he played both tennis and hockey and was known as "something of a ladies' man". F. W. de Klerk was born on 18 March 1936 in Mayfair, a suburb of Johannesburg. [29] He then became Minister of the Interior, he oversaw the repeal of the Mixed Marriages Act. [94], In 2006, he underwent surgery for a malignant tumour in his colon. [32] He had been a forceful proponent of apartheid's system of racial segregation and was perceived as an advocate of the white minority's interests. [80] De Klerk declared that he would lead the National Party in vigorous opposition to Mandela's government to ensure "a proper multi-party democracy, without which there may be a danger of South Africa lapsing into the African pattern of one-party states". Frederik Willem de Klerk (1936-) From apartheid to majority rule. It is a not-for-profit organisation composed of former heads of government and senior governmental and international organisation officials who work closely with heads of government on governance-related issues of concern to them. "[107] Considering the former South African President on the 30th anniversary of his speech, declaring the liberation of Nelson Mandela from prison, made such contended statements, many South Africans were outraged.

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