festinger 1957 cognitive dissonance

Cognitive dissonance was first investigated by Leon Festinger, arising out of a participant observation study of a cult which believed that the earth was going to be destroyed by a flood, and what happened to its members — particularly the really committed ones who had given up their homes and jobs to work for the cult — when the flood did not happen. experience dissonance. They were asked to rate how interesting they had found the discussion, and how interesting they had found the people involved in it. Forced compliance occurs when an individual performs an action that is inconsistent with his or her beliefs. According to this theory, when two actions or ideas are not psychologically consistent with each other, people do all in their power to change them until they become consistent. When someone is forced to do (publicly) something they (privately) really don't want to do, dissonance is created between their cognition (I didn't want to do this) and their behavior (I did it). Psychologist Leon Festinger first proposed a theory of cognitive dissonance centered on how people try to reach internal consistency.2 He suggested that people have an inner need to ensure that their beliefs and behaviors are consistent. As presented by Festinger in 1957, dissonance theory began by postulating that pairs of cognitions (elements of knowledge) can be relevant or irrelevant to one another. They were then paid either $1 or $20 to tell a waiting participant (a confederate) that the tasks were really interesting. Consequently, the term cognitive dissonance is somewhat subjective. If two cognitions are relevant to one another, they are either consonant or dissonant. Biografía. Learn more. Dr. Leon Festinger's theory shows us the precursor to Justification of Effort. We could, of course, spend years of effort into achieving something which turns out to be a load of rubbish and then, in order to avoid the dissonance that produces, try to convince ourselves that we didn't really spend years of effort, or that the effort was really quite enjoyable, or that it wasn't really a lot of effort. California: Stanford University Press. In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance occurs when a person holds contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values, and is typically experienced as psychological stresswhen they participate in an action that goes against one or more of them. According to the theory, inconsistency between attitude and behavior produces an unpleasant emotional state called ‘cognitive dissonance,’ and people try to reduce this undesired state by changing their attitudes. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. In the control condition, they went straight into the main study. After reading the reports about the various products, individuals rated the products again. Fue autor de A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance [1] (Teoría de la disonancia cognitiva, [2] 1957), obra en la que expone su teoría de la disonancia cognitiva, que revolucionó el campo de la psicología social, y que ha tenido múltiples aplicaciones en áreas tales como la motivación, la dinámica de grupos, el estudio del cambio de actitudes y la toma de decisiones. The magnitude of the post decision dissonance depends on the importance of the decision, relative attractiveness of the unchosen alternative and the degree of cognitive overlap of the alternatives” (“The Advances”, 2011). In 1957, Leon Festinger published a theory of cognitive dissonance, which has For example, thinking smoking causes lung cancer will cause dissonance if a person smokes. var domainroot="www.simplypsychology.org" Dr. Leon Festinger's theory shows us the precursor to Justification of Effort. Festinger, L. (1957) A theory of cognitive dissonance. For example, in a two-storey apartment … The theory of dissonance is here applied to the problem of why partial reward, delay of reward , and effort expenditure during training result in increased resistance to extinction. Postdecision changes in the desirability of alternatives. Stanford University Press. There has been a great deal of research into cognitive dissonance, providing some interesting and sometimes unexpected findings. He tested the decision-making process in a cognitive dissonance experiment.. Cognitive dissonance is a sensation that seems to derive from a conflict between the ideas, beliefs, and values of a certain subject and their behavior. Inconsistent or conflicting beliefs lead to disharmony, which people strive to avoid. Festinger, L. (1957). Participants will be briefed that the experiment aims to observe the relationship between expectations and the actual experience of a task. Le concept a été introduit par Leon Festinger en 1957. Kognitive Elemente können in relevanter Beziehung zueinander stehen oder irrelevant füreinander sein. Festinger, ein Schüler und Mitarbeiter Kurt Lewins, veröffentlichte 1957 sein Buch ‚A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance‘. Cognitive Dissonance. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52(3), 384. about their environment and their personalities. Participants in the control group were simply given one of the products. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use,  10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosc058.pub2, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosc058.pub2. INTRODUCTION. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. This is known as the principle of cognitive consistency. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a Cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger, 1957) is often considered to be one of the most influential theories in social psychology. Festinger, L. (1957). Dissonance can be reduced in one of three ways: a) changing existing beliefs, b) adding new beliefs, or c) reducing the importance of the beliefs. Cognitive Dissonance Theory. There are four strategies used to do reduce the discomfort of cognitive dissonance: We change our behavior so that it is consistent with the other thought. Aronson, E., & Mills, J. The magnitude of dissonance is directly proportional to the number of discrepant cognitions and inversely proportional to the number of consonant cognitions that a person has. Wikipedia goes a little deeper: "In A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (1957), Leon Festinger proposed that human beings strive for internal psychological consistency to … Psychologist Leon Festinger was the person who discovered cognitive dissonance. cultural memory in the present Nous pouvons alors comprendre la dissonance cognitive comme une tension psychologique. The cognitive dissonance experiment was designed by Leon Festinger and his colleague Merrill Carlsmith in 1957, was conducted with students and included the following steps: Cognitive dissonance occurred among students who agreed to lie for a dollar and had to convince themselves that this experience was fun to mitigate the conflict.

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